Welcome to the Civil War section of my Homepage.

The Civil War is central to who we are as a nation, and what we will become. This section is dedicated to the ongoing political, social and economic implications the war created for the CURRENT body politic. To understand those implications, we must have a clear view of the two issues that have been central to American history: (1) the relationship between the federal government and the states, and (2) race.

One way of describing the role race has played in American history is to use the metaphor of an earthquake. The issue of race produced "tremors" from 1619 to 1861, the 1861 to 1865 "Great Earthquake" we refer to as the Civil War and everything from 1865 to the present has been "aftershocks."

Prior to the Civil War, Americans expressed their interests primarily in four political parties. The Civil War greatly reduced their options to two-the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Democrats and Republicans emerged while debating the question of what to do with the newly-freed slaves. The radical Republicans argued for greater federal investment in their education, healthcare and housing. This became the precursor of modern economic liberalism. The conservative Democrats/slaveholders argued that the freed slaves must pick themselves up by their own bootstraps. This was the
precursor to modern economic conservatism. For 140 years all Americans have been traveling essentially this same road, while the two party roles have essentially switched.


Boundaries of the United States
(map created by Ed Stephan)

The preceding graphic and its corresponding dates show how central the issue of race was prior to, during and after the Civil War.

A greater understanding of the American Civil War that continues to be fought on the battlefield of the national conscience is the only way we can truly overcome, and build a nation where no American is left behind-A MORE PERFECT UNION.

Click here to browse various Civil War links and learn more about America's past and her present.

   06/11/06On the road with Sherman and the ghosts he left behind  
 
   11/08/04Milwaukee Radio Host Gets Pulled Off Air (Associated Press)  
 
   10/18/04Wealth Gap Widens For Blacks, Hispanics (The Washington Post)  
 
   10/14/04Blue Island Mayor Seeks Federal Help To Defuse Tension (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   09/30/04The Roots Of Reconciliation (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/25/04Civil-Rights Era Murder Suspect To Appear At Fair (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   09/23/04In Atlanta, 14% Of Black Men Can't Vote (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/20/04Old Slave House Recognized As A Landmark (Associated Press)  
 
   07/28/04Study Supports Race-Bias Suit Against Honda (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/19/04Who Really Benefits From Colleges' Affirmative Action? (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   06/11/04He Brought Back Black And White (The Boston Globe)  
 
   05/11/04Justice Dept. To Aid Probe Of Till Case (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/26/03This Date In History (The New York Times)  
 
   08/15/03Racial Data Measure May Be A Wild Card In Election (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   08/15/03GOP Told To Diversify, Quickly (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/06/03Hispanics In U.S. Report Optimism (The New York Times)  
 
   08/03/03Rep. Jackson Keeps Pen Busy With Changes For Constitution (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/30/03Bush's Ricochet Romance With Black Voters (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/30/03Mistrial Declared In Inglewood Police Case (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/29/03Bush Tells Urban League Policies Aid Minorities (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/24/03Racial Gap Seen For Prescriptions (The Wall Street Journal)  
 
   07/22/03Saying `Sorry' Won't Fix Slavery (Knight Ridder/Tribune)  
 
   07/02/03Suit On Contract Quotas Decried (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/01/03'A New Civil Rights Movement' (Daily Southtown)  
 
   07/01/03In A Momentous Term, Justices Remake The Law... (The New York Times)  
 
   07/01/03Across U.S., Redistricting As A Never-Ending Battle (The New York Times)  
 
   06/30/03One Man's Opinion (The New York Times)  
 
   06/25/03Ex-Georgia Gov. Lester Maddox, 87, Dies (Associated Press)  
 
   06/25/03In Court's Ruling, A Nod To Notion Of A Broader Elite (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/25/03U-Mich. Rulings Spur Strategic Scramble (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/25/03Fighting The Cancer That Afflicts Humanity (Daily Southtown)  
 
   06/24/03Affirmative Action For Diversity Is Upheld (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/22/03Affirmative Action: The Sequel (The New York Times)  
 
   06/22/03A Call To Honor America's Promise And Pursue America's Dream  
 
   06/20/03Hue And Cry On 'Whiteness Studies' (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/19/03Hispanics Declared Largest Minority (The Washington Post)  
 
   05/30/03Students Rip NU's Anti-Hate Efforts (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   05/29/03Scholar Donates Slave's Novel To Yale (Associated Press)  
 
   05/29/03Racial Epithets Found At NU Dorm (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   05/27/03Large DNA File To Help Track Illness In Blacks (The New York Times)  
 
   05/14/03Illinois' Black, Hispanic Kids Among Nation's... (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   05/09/03New Flag Catches The Wind (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)  
 
   05/08/03$1 Million Pledge Part Of GOP Effort To Reach Out To Blacks (USA TODAY)  
 
   05/04/03Closing The College Graduation Disparity (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   04/15/03A Challenge To White Supremacy, 100 Years Later (The New York Times)  
 
   04/14/03Banks Woo Minority Clients (Crain's Chicago Business)  
 
   04/07/03Prison Rates Among Blacks Reach A Peak, Report Finds (The New York Times)  
 
   04/05/03Dixie Emblem May Be Dropped From Georgia State Flag (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   04/02/03Justices Hear Affirmative Action Cases (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   04/01/03Friends Of Affirmative Action (The New York Times)  
 
   03/31/03Why The Supreme Court Needs To Visit Cass High School (The New York Times)  
 
   03/31/03Justices To Reconsider Race In Admissions (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   03/31/03Numbers Are In: Hispanics, Blacks Are... (Crain's Chicago Business)  
 
   03/30/03Affirmative Action Case Splits Asian Americans (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   03/30/03Attack On Colleges' Aid To Minorities Widens (The New York Times)  
 
   03/21/03White Men Still Outearn Others (Associated Press)  
 
   03/21/03White Men Still Outearn Others (Associated Press)  
 
   03/03/03Blacks Have Cause To Oppose A War In Iraq (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   02/05/03Confederate Flag Rising As Issue In South Carolina (washingtonpost.com)  
 
   01/29/03Lack Of College Diversity Will Hamper Corporate Hiring (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   01/28/03Service Academies Defend Use Of Race In Their... (The New York Times)  
 
   01/27/03Fighting School Resegregation (The New York Times)  
 
   01/26/03Demographic Changes Upset Affirmative Action (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   01/26/03Trial Revisits '66 Killing Of Black Laborer (The New York Times)  
 
   01/24/03A Boy And His Benefits (The New York Times)  
 
   01/24/03Suit Says Chicago Housing Renewal Plan... (The New York Times)  
 
   01/24/03More Blacks, Whites See Relations As Good (Associated Press)  
 
   01/22/03Hispanics Now Largest Minority, Census Shows (The New York Times)  
 
   01/21/03Cries Of 'Reverse Racism' Ring Hollow (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   01/21/03Bush Invokes Faith's Power To Cure Society's Ills (The New York Times)  
 
   01/21/03Georgia Gov. In A Pickle Over Flag Pledge (The New York Times)  
 
   01/21/03Schools Resegregate, Study Finds (The New York Times)  
 
   01/20/03The Faithful's Wayward Path (The Washington Post)  
 
   01/20/03From 2 Bush Aides, 2 Positions On Affirmative Action Case (The New York Times)  
 
   01/18/03Supreme Court Takes Case On Black Voting Districts (The New York Times)  
 
   01/17/03U.S. Says Michigan System Amounts To 'Racial Quota' (The New York Times)  
 
   01/16/03States' Rights Vs. Civil Rights (The New York Times)  
 
   01/16/03President Faults Race Preferences As Admission Tool (The New York Times)  
 
   01/16/03The Issue Bush Couldn't Finesse (The Washington Post)  
 
   01/16/03Minority Women Are Likely To Bring... (The Chronicle of Philanthropy)  
 
   01/14/03Study: 'White' Name Helps Job Search (Associated Press)  
 
   01/10/03Payback In Judges (The Washington Post)  
 
   01/09/03Latino Groups Urge Bush To Back Affirmative Action (The Washington Post)  
 
   01/09/03The Revenge Of Trent Lott (The New York Times)  
 
   01/09/03Racist Accused Of Hatching Plot To Murder Judge (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   01/08/03Malcolm X Trove To Schomburg Center (The New York Times)  
 
   01/08/03How A Republican Desegregated The South's Schools (The New York Times)  
 
   01/07/03King's Business Still Unfinished On Wall Street (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   01/07/03Mamie Till-Mobley: 1921 - 2003 (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   01/06/03Calif. GOP Official Apologizes For Article (Associated Press)  
 
   01/05/03Black Conservatives, GOP Visibility (The Washington Post)  
 
   01/02/03Kendrick Meek Set To Fulfill A Legacy (Miami Herald)  
 
   01/01/03140th Anniversary Of The Emancipation Proclamation (San Francisco Chronicle)  
 
   12/30/02The Senator Who's Worse Than Lott (The New Republic Magazine)  
 
   12/29/02Up From The Southern Strategy (The New York Times)  
 
   12/29/02The Republicans Try To Redefine Civil Rights (The New York Times)  
 
   12/27/02Abe Lincoln Returns To Confederate Seat (Associated Press)  
 
   12/20/02N.C. Rep. Admits Making Stupid Comment (Associated Press)  
 
   12/18/02Lott Vows Fight To Retain His Post As Senate Leader (The New York Times)  
 
   12/18/02When Integration Was A Crime (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/18/02Fitzgerald Not Sure Lott Can Survive Scandal (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   12/18/02Bush Aides Split On Bias Case At U-Mich. (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/18/02For Lott, Some Key Endorsements (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/17/02Black Republicans Speak Of Their Outrage At Lott (The New York Times)  
 
   12/17/02Personal Truths And Legal Fictions (The New York Times)  
 
   12/17/02Bush Won't Resist Leadership Change (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/15/02For GOP, South's Past Rises In Tangle Of Pride, Shame (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/14/02Lott Faces Continuing Resentment From Conservatives (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/12/02What's In A Name? Perhaps Plenty If You're A Job Seeker (The New York Times)  
 
   12/12/02An Intense Attack By Justice Thomas On Cross-Burning (The New York Times)  
 
   12/11/02Lott's Hurtful Comments (Daily Southtown)  
 
   12/11/02Lott's Praise For Thurmond Echoed His Words Of 1980 (The New York Times)  
 
   12/11/02Could You Repeat That, Please? (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   12/11/02Blacks Say Leadership Post Can't Go To Lott (Gannett News Service)  
 
   12/11/02Heavy Blow Dealt Black College (Associated Press)  
 
   12/11/02Conservative Critics Add To Lott's Plight (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   12/11/02A Whole Lott Of Trouble Is About To Go On (Tribune Media Services)  
 
   12/10/02'All These Problems' (The New York Times)  
 
   12/10/02'Poor Choice Of Words,' Lott Says (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/10/02A Lott Of Good He's Not Doing (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   12/10/02Lott Apologizes For Remarks That Drew Rebukes As Racist (Tribune News Services)  
 
   12/09/02Minorities Pursuing The American Dream (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   12/08/02Race Not Only `Bias' In College Admissions (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   12/07/02Lott Decried For Part Of Salute To Thurmond (The Washington Post)  
 
   12/05/02Will The Supreme Court Send Affirmative Action... (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   12/03/02Supreme Court To Revisit Colleges' Diversity Efforts (The New York Times)  
 
   12/03/02High Court To Review Race-Based Admissions (The Washington Post)  
 
   11/28/02Wealth Added To Desire Equals Black Philanthropy (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   11/28/02Chicago Makes Some Strides In Racial Integration (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   11/27/02Appeals Court Nullifies Boeing Race Discrimination Settlement (Associated Press)  
 
   11/26/02Minority Recruiting Push By City Cops (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   11/22/02Speech Not So Free At Harvard? (Associated Press)  
 
   11/20/02Minorities' Views On Success In School Are Cited (Associated Press)  
 
   11/20/02Senate OKs Long-Delayed Appeals Court Nomination (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   11/20/02Minority Students Not Behind In Motivation (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   11/19/02Jakes Joins Suit Over Ballot Rule (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   11/19/02Nissan Biased Against Hispanics, Study Says (Associated Press)  
 
   11/19/02Perdue Granted Short Reprieve On Flag (Atlanta Journal-Constitution)  
 
   11/18/02On Covers Of Many Magazines, A Full Racial Palette... (The New York Times)  
 
   11/18/02Political Battles Behind, Lincoln Library Set To Open (Associated Press)  
 
   11/17/02Visions For Black Museum Shared (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   11/15/02Illiniwek Foes Raid U. Of I. Board (Associated Press)  
 
   11/15/02Instead Of Golden Years, America's Minority Women... (Internet Wire)  
 
   11/14/02Black Leaders Take Democrats To Task (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   11/14/02Black Colleges Under Pressure To Change Or Close (Atlanta Journal-Constitution)  
 
   11/14/02Six Sent To Prison In '69 Race-Riot Killing (Associated Press)  
 
   11/13/02Black Vote, Not Mell, Put Blagojevich Over Top (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   11/12/02Georgia Leader Wavers On Flag (Associated Press)  
 
   11/12/02Clueless Candidates Failed To Address Issues That Inspire... (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   11/12/02Black Panthers Say Their Name Has Been Stolen (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   11/12/02Colleges Find Diversity Is Not Just Numbers (The New York Times)  
 
   11/07/02Flag Issue Likely Gave Georgia GOP Banner Day (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   11/07/02Gone With The Winds Of Change: Democrats In Georgia (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   10/31/02Great Leaps Of Utter Nonsense (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/31/02Minorities Concerned About Domestic Agenda (UPI)  
 
   10/30/02Small University In Battle For Control Of Billions In Art (The New York Times)  
 
   10/30/02A Panther Generation Gap (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/30/02Survey Finds Black Voters Less Solidly Democratic (The Washington Post)  
 
   10/30/02Uncivil Fights (The Washington Post)  
 
   10/29/02Hispanic Aldermen Press City Hall Over Contracting (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   10/28/02Poverty Dogs Black Ex-Inmates, Study Finds (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/26/02Officer In Punching On Video Is Ousted From Department (The New York Times)  
 
   10/21/02Black Colleges Fight To Survive (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/18/02Black Vote May Be Key In Fla. Race (Associated Press Online)  
 
   10/08/02Graying Black Panthers Fight Would-Be Heirs (The New York Times)  
 
   10/08/02Rights Groups Say Voter Bill Erects Hurdles (The New York Times)  
 
   10/08/02Don't Sit On Wallet And Expect Political Clout (USA TODAY)  
 
   10/06/02Subtly, Surely Working Race Into The Races (The Dallas Morning News)  
 
   10/05/02Mortgage OKs Tougher For Local Blacks, Latinos (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/04/02Reparations Resolution Merited Far More Debate (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/03/02New Chicago Law Requires Firms To Tell Slavery Links (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/02/02Ordinance Would Require Slave-Era Disclosure (Associated Press)  
 
   10/02/02Rights Hero Returns To Ole Miss Battleground (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   10/02/02Minority Children's Injuries Prompt More Suspicion... (Associated Press)  
 
   10/02/02In Pennsylvania, Ex-Mayor Stands Trial In A 1969 Death (The New York Times)  
 
   10/01/02Irreverent Comments Demean Our History (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   10/01/02Civil Rights Hero Turns Back On Movement (Scripps Howard News Service)  
 
   09/30/02The Better Angels (U.S. News & World Report)  
 
   09/25/02Sometimes Freedom Is A Necessary Nuisance (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   09/24/02New Airport Screener Jobs Going Mostly To Whites (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   09/24/02Study: Minorities More Likely To Attempt To Start A Business... (Business Wire)  
 
   09/24/02In Georgia, A Shot At Congress For Five Blacks (The New York Times)  
 
   09/23/02Famed Comedy Troupe Seeks Minority Talent (Associated Press)  
 
   09/23/02More Minorities Enter And Graduate College (USA TODAY)  
 
   09/23/02Louima Case Closed, Not Resolved (The New York Times)  
 
   09/23/02Report Finds Minority Ranks Rise Sharply On Campuses (The New York Times)  
 
   09/22/02True Hallowed Ground (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/22/02'Cooter' Defends Southern Pride (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/20/02Moderation, Outreach Send Ga. Democrat... (Congressional Quarterly)  
 
   09/20/02Minorities Say Candidates Ignored Them (Boston Globe)  
 
   09/19/02A New Fight Brews Over Confederate Battle Flag (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   09/18/02Why Racism Isn't Just Black And White Anymore (Chicago Tribune Media Services)  
 
   09/17/02Black, Hispanic Duo A Test For U.S. Politics (USA TODAY)  
 
   09/17/02Minority Teacher Training Stressed... (The Atlanta Journal and Constitution)  
 
   09/16/02We Mean Business (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/16/02Pincham: Blacks Don't Win When Fighting Each Other (Daily Southtown)  
 
   09/14/02Desegregation Ends In Ark. District (Associated Press)  
 
   09/13/02City Pacts May Hinge On Slave Ties (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   09/10/02Coming Home To Africa (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   09/09/02Wage War Against Injstice Here As Well As Against Terror (USA TODAY)  
 
   09/06/02Ready, Aim, Sell: Civil War Goes Corporate (Associated Press)  
 
   09/05/02Tough Elections For Blacks, Latinos (Associated Press)  
 
   09/05/02Civil War Event Gets Sponsors (Associated Press)  
 
   09/05/02Politics Divides Civil Rights Group (Associated Press)  
 
   09/04/02Slaves' Descendants Sue Firms (The Washington Post)  
 
   09/04/02Fla. Parties Settle Minority Voters Suit (Reuters)  
 
   09/04/02Top-Notch School Fails To Close 'Achievement Gap' (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   09/03/02Baltimore Looks To Honor Douglass (Associated Press)  
 
   09/01/02Black Catholics Gather In Chicago (Associated Press)  
 
   09/01/02'Blackness' Is A Phony Issue (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/30/02Study Finds Blacks Earning More (Associated Press)  
 
   08/30/02Survey: Half Of Americans Think First Amendment Goes Too Far (Associated Press)  
 
   08/30/02Jackson Advocates 8 Amendments To Bridge Gap... (Gannett News Service)  
 
   08/29/02Guilty Plea In 1969 Race Riot Death (Associated Press)  
 
   08/29/02Measure Could Take Hoover Off Building (Associated Press)  
 
   08/29/02Black Catholics Still Crusading (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/28/02Study Finds Big Increase In Black Men As Inmates Since 1980 (The New York Times)  
 
   08/28/02Texas To Review Tulia Drug Sting (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/28/02Reparations Movement Gaining Cult Status (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/28/02St. Sabina Likely To Join Public Schools League (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   08/27/02Hassell Elected Va.'s First Black Chief Justice (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/27/02The Real Story In Georgia (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/27/02No Rest For African Burial Ground (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/27/02The New Battle Of Chancellorsville (The New York Times)  
 
   08/27/02Klan Cards Found In Wal-Mart Goods (Associated Press)  
 
   08/27/02Fine Hour For Black Intellectuals In America (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   08/27/02Same Neighborhood, Different Worlds (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   08/26/02Nothing Civil In Battle For Gary Rights Hall Of Fame (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/25/02A New Rift In An Old Ethnic Divide Unfolds (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/23/02Political Ties Between Blacks And Jews Strained (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   08/22/02For Black Politicians, 2 Races Suggest A Rise Of New Tactics (New York Times)  
 
   08/18/02How To Speak To A Nation's Suffering (The New York Times)  
 
   08/18/02Descendants Of Slaves Rally For Reparations (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/12/02What's In A Name? More Than A Parade (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/12/02School Desegregation Policy Is Challenged (The New York Times)  
 
   08/12/02Justice Goes Into Hiding (The New York Times)  
 
   08/08/02Monument To Black Civil War Troops Caught In Limbo (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/07/02History From The Grave (The Washington Post)  
 
   08/05/02Where Are The Black Baseball Fans? (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/05/02Search For Civil War Treasure On Hold (Associated Press)  
 
   08/05/02Identity Crisis For Journalist Group (The New York Times)  
 
   08/05/02Tentacles Of Hate From A Racist's Legacy (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   08/04/02Civil War Relics Draw Visitors, And Con Artists (The New York Times)  
 
   08/04/02Black Papers Fight For Life (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/04/02Last In Line (The San Francisco Chronicle)  
 
   08/04/02Supreme Discomfort (The Washington Post) PART I  
 
   08/04/02Supreme Discomfort (The Washington Post ) PART II  
 
   08/03/02Mortgage Disparity Continues (The Dallas Morning News)  
 
   08/02/02Study: Minority Voters Lack Influence... (San Jose Mercury News)  
 
   08/01/02Confederates Ride Again--Into Furor (Associated Press)  
 
   08/01/02Test Scores Surge For Minorities (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   08/01/02Both Parties Are Pursuing Hispanic Voters (USA TODAY)  
 
   08/01/024 Took 5th In Beating Probe (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   08/01/02In Article, Foreman In Louima Trial Says Single Juror... (The New York Times)  
 
   07/31/02Critics Say Bush Isn't Doing Enough To Aid Blacks (The Hill)  
 
   07/31/02The Great 'White' Influx (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/31/02Teen Denies Provoking Police Jabs (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/31/02Women's Rights Treaty Sent To Senate (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/31/02Leaving The States In The Lurch (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/29/02Side Effect Of Welfare Law: The No-Parent Family (The New York Times)  
 
   07/29/02Equating Police Brutality With Domestic Terrorism (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/28/02When Color Should Count (The New York Times)  
 
   07/27/02A Growing Gap In American Democracy (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/26/02Health Problems Of Latino Children (The New York Times)  
 
   07/23/02Revised View Of 2nd Amendment Is Cited As Defense... (The New York Times)  
 
   07/22/02Report On Black-White Disparities Is Mixed (Associated Press)  
 
   07/22/02Plans For U.S. Black Museum Advance (The New York Times)  
 
   07/22/02Jackson Names Successor (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/22/02Jackson Promises Civil Rights Campaign (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   07/21/02Race, Poverty Define Failing Schools (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/19/022 Inglewood Officers Plead Not Guilty To Felony Counts (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/18/02Piece By Piece, A Civil War Battleship Is Pulled From... (The New York Times)  
 
   07/18/02Son's Questions In 1964 Killing Find Keys In Unquiet Minds (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/18/02Final Salute For Pioneering Hero (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/17/02Guilty Verdict In Perjury Count In Louima Case (The New York Times)  
 
   07/16/02Ban On Gathering Racial Data On 2004 Ballot (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/15/02Inglewood Police Accused Of Abuse In Other Cases (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/15/02Prosecutor Says Felton, Chase Plotted To Ignite 'Racial... (Associated Press)  
 
   07/14/02In New South, Racist Rally Is Not A Draw (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/14/02African-Americans, Latinos Seek To... (The Atlanta Journal And Constitution)  
 
   07/14/02Making The Past More Present (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/14/02Private Retirement Accounts Would Hurt Blacks (Dallas Morning News)  
 
   07/13/02Note Reveals Disagreement In Schwarz Jury (The New York Times)  
 
   07/13/02Killing Of White Deputy Quiets Protests Over Police... (The New York Times)  
 
   07/12/02Activists Silent On Beating (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/12/02Racial Animus In Case Denied (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   07/11/02Calif. Teenager Sues Police In Videotaped Beating (Associated Press)  
 
   07/11/02LULAC Leader's Speech At Convention First Ever (Houston Chronicle)  
 
   07/10/02Last Flight For A Pioneer Airman (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/10/02Seeking To Heal Rift Between Hill's Blacks And Jews (The Hill)  
 
   07/09/02Jurors Hear Summations In Louima Case (The New York Times)  
 
   07/08/02NAACP Chairman Again Assails Bush Administration (Associated Press)  
 
   07/08/02Bush Defends Himself Against NAACP (Associated Press)  
 
   07/04/02Proposed Education Amendment To The U.S. Constitution  
 
   07/03/02To Revive Agenda, Bush Courts Blacks (The Washington Post)  
 
   07/03/02Democrats Will Miss Watts Too (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   07/02/02Volpe Repeats That Schwarz Wasn't There (The New York Times)  
 
   07/02/02Sole Black House Republican Is Retiring (The New York Times)  
 
   07/02/02Bush Calls Ruling About Vouchers A 'Historic' Move (The New York Times)  
 
   07/02/02Racial Pricing Difference Renews Adoption Debate (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   07/02/02On The 4th, Still Second-Class (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   07/02/02Black Farmers' Protest Shuts Down USDA Office (Associated Press)  
 
   06/30/02Coming To Terms With Our Constitution (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/30/02Longtime Justices Hold Sway In Opposite Camps (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/30/02Johnny Can Read, But Well Enough To Vote? (The New York Times)  
 
   06/29/02An Invitation Ruffles Philosophical Feathers (The New York Times)  
 
   06/28/02Supreme Court Upholds Voucher System That Pays... (The New York Times)  
 
   06/28/02The Wrong Ruling On Vouchers (The New York Times)  
 
   06/28/02Panel Named To Study Title IX (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/28/02The Price Of Vouchers (Boston Globe)  
 
   06/27/02Judges Ban Pledge Of Allegiance From Schools... (The New York Times)  
 
   06/27/02Study Finds Church Schools Racially Segregated (The New York Times)  
 
   06/27/02The Bare Minimum (The New York Times)  
 
   06/27/02A Court On 'Left Coast' Of Legal Map (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/25/02Justices Agree To Hear Major Federalism Case (The New York Times)  
 
   06/25/02In New Trial, Defense Calls Louima A Liar (The New York Times)  
 
   06/25/02When States' Rights Get In The Way (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/24/02Slave 'Railroad' Buffs Question Museum Site (The New York Times)  
 
   06/24/02Purchase Keeps Newspaper In The Family (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/23/02Group Aims To Have Every Vote Counted (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/22/02Jury For Retrial Of Ex-Officer In Louima Case... (The New York Times)  
 
   06/20/02U.S. Suit Cites Bias In City Parks Dept. (The New York Times)  
 
   06/19/02Juneteenth Push Gathers Steam (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/18/02A Brother Who Won't Forget, A Prosecutor Who Won't Give Up (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/18/02Taste Boycotters Seek To Widen Their Protest (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/18/02Flag Causes Battle Between The States (Associated Press)  
 
   06/18/02School's Move Teaches Lesson In Perception (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/18/02Damon Versus Bernie (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/17/02Activists Call For Boycott Of Taste (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/17/02Slave Compensation Proposals Gaining Support (Medill News Service)  
 
   06/17/02Blacks, Sports And Lingering Racial Stereotypes (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/17/02Gifted School's Move Stumbles Over Race Issue (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/16/02A Black Portrait, In 20,000 Pieces (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   06/16/029/11 Bridged The Racial Divide, New Yorkers Say, Gingerly (The New York Times)  
 
   06/13/02RNC Details Duplicate Voting (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/13/02Race Leads To Rift (Roll Call)  
 
   06/13/02A Symbol Of History And Hope (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/12/02Stocks Soar As Choice For Black Investors (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/12/02Hispanic And Black Buying Power Soars (Atlanta Business Chronicle)  
 
   06/11/02Promoting Cross-Racial Friendships In Schools (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/11/02Court Takes Democrats' Challenge To Miss. District (The Washington Post)  
 
   06/10/02Planning Starts For Lincoln's '09 Bash (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/09/02Census Shows More In U.S. Identify Themselves As 'American' (Associated Press)  
 
   06/06/02If The Bozo Nose Fits, Judge Should Wear It (Daily Southtown)  
 
   06/06/02Jackson Urges U.S. Civil-Rights Probe Of Chase By Deputies (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   06/06/02Feds Weigh Charges In Chase (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   06/04/02Union Head Apologizes For Blackface Protest (Daily Southtown)  
 
   06/04/02Where Are Cries Of Outrage? (Chicago Sun-Times)  
 
   06/04/02After Desegregation: Part I (Houston Chronicle)  
 
   06/04/02After Desegregation: Part II (Houston Chronicle)  
 
   06/02/02More Than 150 Protest Police Officers' Acquittal (Daily Southtown)  
 
   05/31/02Virginia Tones Down Its Black History (Associated Press)  
 
   05/31/02A Narrowed Right To Challenge The States (The New York Times)  
 
   05/30/02City Mulls Law Seeking Insurers' Ties To Slavery (Chicago Tribune)  
 
   05/29/02Court Upholds State Power In S.C. Port Case (Los Angeles Times)  
 
   05/29/02A Narrow View Of Federal Power (The New York Times)  
 
   05/28/02Bush Administration Retreats From Civil Rights (USA TODAY)